Clonal monocytosis reflects a preneoplastic or neoplastic sustained increase in the absolute monocyte count in the absence of reactive causes. Causes of clonal monocytosis include clonal cytopenias with monocytosis and acute and chronic myeloid neoplasms. Chronic myelomonocytic leukemia is a prototypical myelodysplastic/myeloproliferative overlap neoplasm in adults, characterized by sustained peripheral blood monocytosis. Kidney abnormalities, including acute kidney injury and chronic kidney disease, are frequent in patients with chronic myelomonocytic leukemia and are predictors of worse outcomes.
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