Lupus nephritis (LN) affects approximately 50% of all systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) patients, and 10% of LN patients will progress to end-stage kidney disease. The current standard treatments for LN are systemic immunosuppressive agents like mycophenolate mofetil and glucocorticoids that are plagued by inconsistent efficacy and potentially serious side effects, such as infections, hyperglycemia, osteoporosis, and hypertension. Therefore, a major unmet clinical need exists to develop drugs with higher efficacy and kidney-localizing specificity to treat LN.